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| orbit_epoch = December 11, 4:04 UTC | orbit_reference = Selenocentric | orbit_periapsis = | orbit_apoapsis = | orbit_inclination = | orbit_period = | apsis = selene |interplanetary = |sample_mass = |surface_EVAs = 3 |surface_EVA_time = 22 hours, 3 minutes, 57 seconds First: 7 hours, 11 minutes, 53 seconds Second: 7 hours, 36 minutes, 56 seconds Third: 7 hours, 15 minutes, 8 seconds }} | payload_items = Scientific Instrument Module Lunar Roving Vehicle | cargo_mass = SIM: LRV: | instruments = | docking = | crew_size = 3 | crew_members = Eugene A. Cernan Ronald E. Evans Harrison H. Schmitt | crew_EVAs = 1 in cislunar space Plus 3 on the lunar surface | crew_EVA_duration = 1 hours, 5 minutes, 44 seconds Spacewalk to retrieve film cassettes | crew_callsign = CSM: ''America'' LM: ''Challenger'' | crew_photo = Apollo 17 crew.jpg | crew_photo_caption = Left to right: Schmitt, Cernan (seated), Evans | previous_mission = Apollo 16 | programme = Apollo program }} Apollo 17 was the final mission of the United States' Apollo program, the enterprise that landed the first humans on the Moon. Launched at 12:33 am Eastern Standard Time (EST) on December 7, 1972, with a three-member crew consisting of Commander Eugene Cernan, Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans, and Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt, it was the last use of Apollo hardware for its original mission. After Apollo 17, extra Apollo spacecraft were used in the Skylab and Apollo–Soyuz Test Project programs. Apollo 17 was the first night launch of a U.S. human spaceflight and the final manned launch of a Saturn V rocket. It was a "J-type mission," which included a three-day lunar surface stay, extended scientific capability, and the third Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV). While Evans remained in lunar orbit above in the Command/Service Module (CSM), Cernan and Schmitt spent just over three days on the lunar surface in the Taurus–Littrow valley, conducting three periods of extra-vehicular activity, or moonwalks, during which they collected lunar samples and deployed scientific instruments. Cernan, Evans, and Schmitt returned to Earth on December 19 after an approximately 12-day mission.〔 The decision to land in the Taurus-Littrow valley was made with the primary objectives for Apollo 17 in mind: to sample lunar highland material older than the impact that formed Mare Imbrium and investigating the possibility of relatively young volcanic activity in the same vicinity. Taurus-Littrow was selected with the prospects of finding highland material in the valley's north and south walls and the possibility that several craters in the valley surrounded by dark material could be linked to volcanic activity.〔 Apollo 17 also broke several records set by previous flights, including the longest manned lunar landing flight; the longest total lunar surface extravehicular activities; the largest lunar sample return, and the longest time in lunar orbit.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://todayinspacehistory.wordpress.com/2007/12/11/december-11-1972-longest-lunar-stay-by-humans/ )〕 Apollo 17 remains the most recent manned Moon landing and also the last time humans have travelled beyond low Earth orbit.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a17/a17ov.html )〕 Apollo 17 was also the first mission to be commanded by a person with no flight test background, as well as the first to not have a single crewmember who had been a test pilot. X-15 test pilot Joe Engle lost the LM pilot assignment to scientist Schmitt.〔(chart )〕 == Crew == Eugene Cernan, Ronald Evans, and former X-15 pilot Joe Engle were assigned to the backup crew of Apollo 14.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://next.nasa.gov/alsj/a17/a17.prepdi.html )〕 Engle flew sixteen X-15 flights, three of which exceeded the border of space.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/engle-jh.html )〕 Following the rotation pattern that a backup crew would fly as the prime crew three missions later, Cernan, Evans, and Engle would have flown Apollo 17. Harrison Schmitt served on the backup crew of Apollo 15 and, following the crew rotation cycle, was slated to fly as Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 18. However, Apollo 18 was cancelled in September 1970. Following this decision, the scientific community pressured NASA to assign a geologist to an Apollo landing, as opposed to a pilot trained in geology. In light of this pressure, Harrison Schmitt, a professional geologist, was assigned the Lunar Module Pilot position on Apollo 17.〔 Scientist-astronaut Curt Michel believed that it was his own decision to resign, after it became clear that he would not be given a flight assignment, that mobilized this action. Subsequent to the decision to assign Schmitt to Apollo 17, there remained the question of which crew (the full backup crew of Apollo 15, Dick Gordon, Vance Brand, and Schmitt, or the backup crew of Apollo 14) would become prime crew of the mission. NASA Director of Flight Crew Operations Deke Slayton ultimately assigned the backup crew of Apollo 14 (Cernan and Evans), along with Schmitt, to the prime crew of Apollo 17.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Apollo 17」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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